18 Aug
ใ๏ผใช-adjective | Minna no Nihongo | Lesson 8
### Understanding ใ-Adjectives and ใช-Adjectives in "Minna no Nihongo" | Lesson 8
In Lesson 8 of "Minna no Nihongo," youโll learn about ใ-adjectives and ใช-adjectives, which are essential for describing nouns in Japanese. Adjectives play a crucial role in giving more detail about people, objects, and situations. Letโs break down the two types of adjectives and see how they are used.
### 1. **ใ-Adjectives**
**ใ-adjectives** end in **ใใ** and are used to describe the qualities or states of nouns. They can be conjugated to express different tenses and forms.
#### **Present Positive:**
- **Structure:** [ใ-adjective] + ใงใ (desu)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshiroi desu.)
ย - This movie is interesting.
#### **Present Negative:**
- **Structure:** [ใ-adjective] + ใใชใใงใ (kunai desu)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshirokunai desu.)
ย - This movie is not interesting.
#### **Past Positive:**
- **Structure:** [ใ-adjective] + ใใฃใใงใ (katta desu)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshirokatta desu.)
ย - This movie was interesting.
#### **Past Negative:**
- **Structure:** [ใ-adjective] + ใใชใใฃใใงใ (kunakatta desu)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshirokunakatta desu.)
ย - This movie was not interesting.
### 2. **ใช-Adjectives**
**ใช-adjectives** are adjectives that need the particle **ใช** when used directly before a noun. They do not end in **ใใ** and are conjugated differently from ใ-adjectives.
#### **Present Positive:**
- **Structure:** [ใช-adjective] + ใงใ (desu)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏๆฅฝใใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa tanoshii desu.)
ย - This movie is fun.
#### **Present Negative:**
- **Structure:** [ใช-adjective] + ใงใฏใใใพใใ (dewa arimasen) or ใใใใใพใใ (ja arimasen)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏๆฅฝใใใชใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa tanoshikunai desu.)
ย - This movie is not fun.
#### **Past Positive:**
- **Structure:** [ใช-adjective] + ใงใใ (deshita)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏๆฅฝใใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa tanoshikatta desu.)
ย - This movie was fun.
#### **Past Negative:**
- **Structure:** [ใช-adjective] + ใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใ (dewa arimasen deshita) or ใใใใใพใใใงใใ (ja arimasen deshita)
- **Example:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏๆฅฝใใใชใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa tanoshikunakatta desu.)
ย - This movie was not fun.
### Conjugation Summary
Hereโs a summary of the conjugations for ใ-adjectives and ใช-adjectives:
| Adjective Type | Present Positive | Present Negative | Past Positive | Past Negative |
|----------------|------------------|------------------|---------------|---------------|
| **ใ-Adjective** | [ใ-adjective] + ใงใ | [ใ-adjective] + ใใชใใงใ | [ใ-adjective] + ใใฃใใงใ | [ใ-adjective] + ใใชใใฃใใงใ |
| **ใช-Adjective** | [ใช-adjective] + ใงใ | [ใช-adjective] + ใงใฏใใใพใใ (or ใใใใใพใใ) | [ใช-adjective] + ใงใใ | [ใช-adjective] + ใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใ (or ใใใใใพใใใงใใ) |
### Practical Examples
1. **ใ-Adjectives:**
ย ย - **Present Positive:** **ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่พใใงใใ** (Kono ryลri wa karai desu.) โ This dish is spicy.
ย ย - **Present Negative:** **ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่พใใชใใงใใ** (Kono ryลri wa karakunai desu.) โ This dish is not spicy.
ย ย - **Past Positive:** **ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่พใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono ryลri wa karakatta desu.) โ This dish was spicy.
ย ย - **Past Negative:** **ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่พใใชใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono ryลri wa karakunakatta desu.) โ This dish was not spicy.
2. **ใช-Adjectives:**
ย ย - **Present Positive:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshiroi desu.) โ This movie is interesting.
ย ย - **Present Negative:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshirokunai desu.) โ This movie is not interesting.
ย ย - **Past Positive:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshirokatta desu.) โ This movie was interesting.
ย ย - **Past Negative:** **ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใใฃใใงใใ** (Kono eiga wa omoshirokunakatta desu.) โ This movie was not interesting.
Understanding these adjective forms will help you describe people, places, things, and experiences more accurately in Japanese. Practice using both types of adjectives in different contexts to become more comfortable with their conjugations. Happy learning!
